View cases by country

Falklands Malvinas

Falklands Malvinas
7628

Falklands Malvinas

Falklands Malvinas
7628

Falklands Malvinas

Falklands Malvinas
7628

Falklands Malvinas

Falklands Malvinas
7628

Peru

Peru
7882

Peru

Peru
7882

Peru

Peru
7882

Peru

Peru
7882

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
7602

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
7602

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
7602

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
7602

Indonesia

Indonesia
7896

Somalia

Somalia
7613

Somalia

Somalia
7613

Somalia

Somalia
7613

Somalia

Somalia
7613

Somalia

Somalia
7613

Somalia

Somalia
7613

Colombia

Colombia
7625

Colombia

Colombia
7625

Colombia

Colombia
7625

Colombia

Colombia
7625

Colombia

Colombia
7625

Colombia

Colombia
7625

Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast
7601

Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast
7601

Central African Republic

Central African Republic
7599

Central African Republic

Central African Republic
7599

Central African Republic

Central African Republic
7599

Central African Republic

Central African Republic
7599

South Sudan

South Sudan
7615

South Sudan

South Sudan
7615

South Sudan

South Sudan
7615

South Sudan

South Sudan
7615

South Sudan

South Sudan
7615

South Sudan

South Sudan
7615

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka
7649

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka
7649

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka
7649

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka
7649

Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea

Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea
7612

Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea

Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea
7612

Nigeria

Nigeria
7610

Nigeria

Nigeria
7610

Sudan

Sudan
7616

Sudan

Sudan
7616

Sudan

Sudan
7616

Sudan

Sudan
7616

Sudan

Sudan
7616

Sudan

Sudan
7616

Philippines

Philippines
7647

Philippines

Philippines
7647

Philippines

Philippines
7647

Philippines

Philippines
7647

Philippines

Philippines
7647

Philippines

Philippines
7647

El Salvador

El Salvador
7627

El Salvador

El Salvador
7627

Chad

Chad
7888

Chad

Chad
7888

Ethiopia and Eritrea

Ethiopia and Eritrea
7603

Ethiopia and Eritrea

Ethiopia and Eritrea
7603

Thailand

Thailand
7651

Thailand

Thailand
7651

Yemen

Yemen
7680

Yemen

Yemen
7680

Niger

Niger
7890

Niger

Niger
7890

Mali

Mali
7607

Mali

Mali
7607

Mali

Mali
7607

Mali

Mali
7607

India

India
7640

India

India
7640

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Libya

Libya
7606

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Nepal

Nepal
7645

Kuwait

Kuwait
7676

Kuwait

Kuwait
7676

Kuwait

Kuwait
7676

Kuwait

Kuwait
7676

Jordan

Jordan
7895

Jordan

Jordan
7895

Iran

Iran
7673

Iran

Iran
7673

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Iraq

Iraq
7674

Syria

Syria
7679

Syria

Syria
7679

Afghanistan

Afghanistan
7635

Afghanistan

Afghanistan
7635

Afghanistan

Afghanistan
7635

Afghanistan

Afghanistan
7635

Cyprus

Cyprus
7656

Cyprus

Cyprus
7656

United States

United States
7634

United States

United States
7634

Türkiye

Türkiye
7669

Türkiye

Türkiye
7669

Türkiye

Türkiye
7669

Türkiye

Türkiye
7669

Georgia

Georgia
7660

Georgia

Georgia
7660

Georgia

Georgia
7660

Georgia

Georgia
7660

Georgia

Georgia
7660

Georgia

Georgia
7660

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
7654

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
7654

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
7654

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
7654

Croatia

Croatia
7655

Croatia

Croatia
7655

Croatia

Croatia
7655

Croatia

Croatia
7655

NEW: Colombia/FARC, Collaborative Demining Action

A yellow warning sign says "Prohibited to pass" in Spanish and the local language, is placed in a green field.

NEW: Colombia/FARC, Collaborative Demining Action

Between 2015-2016, Colombia and then Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (FARC-EP) agreed to demine two of Colombia’s most heavily mined areas.

How did these actors come together in a coordinated effort? Learn more about this case study and the application of IHL.

ColombiaThe Americas

NEW: Libya/Türkiye, Evacuation and Treatment of the Wounded

Several people, holding fresh flowers and flags, stand before a Turkish boat as they wait to receive wounded people that will receive care.

NEW: Libya/Türkiye, Evacuation and Treatment of the Wounded

During the 2011 NATO-led Operation Unified Protector, Türkiye evacuated and treated seriously wounded from the besieged Libyan towns of Misurata and Benghazi.

Learn more in this case study about how the application of IHL led the wounded to be cared for and transported to medical centres, aboard a Turkish ship. 

Protection of persons and objects Africa

NEW: Ecuador/Peru, Exchange of Prisoners of War

A helicopter in the middle of the grass, with surrounding soldiers. Image is taken from 1995 Cenepa War.

NEW: Ecuador/Peru, Exchange of Prisoners of War

On 1 March 1995, at the conclusion of the 1995 Cenepa War, Ecuador and Peru agreed to an exchange of prisoners of war (POWs) in furtherance of the Itamaraty and Montevideo agreements. 

This mutual return of POWs was followed by a second exchange on 30 June 1995, contributing to a larger peace process taking place at the conclusion of the conflict

Combatants and POWs The Americas

Iraq, Protection of the Mosul Dam

A landscape image of the Mosul Dam in Iraq, among a background of mountains.

Iraq, Protection of the Mosul Dam

The dam of Mosul was constructed between 1981 and 1986 in northern Iraq. In August 2014, the United States coordinated its airpower with Kurdish Peshmerga and Iraqi Army ground forces to retake the highly fragile Mosul Dam in Iraq from the Islamic State.

By respecting heightened protections afforded to critical infrastructure under IHL, a humanitarian disaster was avoided.  

Middle East

Armenia/Azerbaijan, Exchange of Remains of the Dead

Grave of a young man who was killed in combat in the context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Armenia/Azerbaijan, Exchange of Remains of the Dead

On 29 October and 14 November 2020, Armenia and Azerbaijan, as part of mutual agreements, facilitated the return and transfer of the dead following the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

As part of the new 2022-2023 IHL in Action Case studies, this case study showcases the support and facilitation offered by foreign governments and organisations in contribution to respect for IHL.

About the project

“IHL in action: Respect for the law on the battlefield” is a collection of real case-studies documenting compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL) in modern warfare. Based on publicly available information, these cases have been assessed by academics as demonstrating respect for IHL. From 2016 to 2020 the project has been conducted by four leadoff IHL clinics: Emory University School of Law, Leiden University, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya and Roma Tre University.

The current active partnership is with Leiden University. All cases have undergone independent peer review. The database is hosted by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) with a view to encourage the reporting, collection and promotion of instances of respect for IHL. The cases shall not be construed as reflecting the views of the ICRC.

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